Quantitative trait locus analysis of heterosis for plant. Hongwei zhang postdoctoral research associate, plant breeding and genetics. Activities related to genetic resources are characterized by high cost and long term return. Quantitative genetics, genomics, and plant breeding. The primary purpose of this project is to contribute to yield increases by examining the development of breeding sources and the prevalence of differential rankings of varieties across environments genotype x environment interactions. Much of the increase can be attributed to improved genetics through innovative plant breeding, and pioneer researchers have played a key role in this. Sequencing of the maize genome has opened up new opportunities in maize breeding, genetics and genomics research. Many researchers around the globe have tried to address the problem using quality protein maize qpm. A robust genotypephenotype relationship allows predictive approaches for efficient and costeffective breeding, superior allele mining, and introgression on a genegenomic region basis.
Quantitative genetics of inbreeding in a synthetic maize. Geneticsbreeding for bioenergy quantitativegenetics. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding has improved the odds of developing outstanding maize cultivars from genetically broad based improved populations such as b73. Pedigree theories and the science of genetics ebook free. Two of the obtained plasmids had the expected wild type while four plasmids had. The development of maize foundation parents is an important part of genetics and breeding research, and applying new genetic information to produce foundation parents has been challenging. Introgress exotic maize alleles to increase the genetic diversity of us maize germplasm. Positionally cloned maize genes related to important quantitative traits. The below mentioned article provides an overview on the three methods employed in plant breeding. In in the population mean with inbreeding, are well under particular, inbreedingdepression isan outcomeof direcstood.
It concentrates on the linkage analysis of markers, map construction and. Consequently, maize has been at the forefront in development and evaluation of an array of molecular markers for varied purposes in genetics and breeding. Adam vanous postdoctoral research associate, plant breeding and genetics. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding ebook by arnel r. United states department of agriculture agriculture research service usdaars corn breeding and genetic analysis of agronomic traits relies on phenotypic variation and genetic variation in the genes controlling these traits. Genetic resources and maize breeding 583 scientia agricola, v. Using genetics, genomics, and breeding to understand.
Marshall 1989 considered that the lack of pre breeding programs. The objectives of this study were to i evaluate combining ability of 25 improved exotic germplasm using different numbers of testers 1 to 3 from suwan1, reid, and nonreid heterotic groups. Quality protein maize qpm genetic basis and breeding. Genetic analysis of grain yield and its components of. Book, statistical genetics of quantitative traits by rongling.
It concentrates on the linkage analysis of markers, map construction and quantitative trait locus qtl mapping and assumes a. Plant height ph and ear height eh are two important agronomic traits in maize selection breeding. Goals objectives the three major goals of this project are to 1 develop and apply methodologies to improve plant improvement. Genetic analysis of grain yield and its components of maize. Quantitative genetic studies on breeding maize for. The inbredhybrid concept in maize was a public sector invention 100 years ago and it is still considered one of the greatest achievements in plant breeding. Maize corn is the most productive crop and farmers plant it because there is high enduser demand, it is easy to grow and often profitable. C jansen mapping of quantitative trait loci by using genetic markers. Traditional maize inbred line development requires 610 seasons of selfbreeding but with the help of doubled haploid technology we can achieve this in just two seasons of selfing hallauer et al. Click links below to see location mapped external to yahoo maps site office.
The book introduces the basic concepts and methods that are useful in the statistical analysis and modeling of dnabased marker and phenotypic data that arise in agriculture, forrestry, experimental biology, and other fields. Cooke a thesis presented to the university of guelph in partial fulfilment of requirements. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding request pdf. Genomic prediction in cimmyt maize and wheat breeding programs. Advances in maize genomics and their value for enhancing. This book provides an overview of the rapidly developing integration and interdependence of quantitative genetics, genomics, bioinformatics and their application to plant breeding. Carena has led maize breeding research for shortseason maturity at ndsu since 1999. Quantitative genetics and maize breeding for texas seth c. We collected a massive data set from germplasm that included inbreds, f 1 hybrids, and f 2 progeny. Marshall 1989 considered that the lack of prebreeding programs.
Carena has led maizebreeding research for shortseason maturity at ndsu since 1999. Diversity studies at genetic, molecular, and functional levels have revealed that, tropical maize germplasm, landraces, and wild relatives harbor a significantly wider range of genetic variation. In this study, we focused on quantitative trait loci qtls and general combining ability gca of ye478, a widely used foundation parent in china. Genomic prediction in cimmyt maize and wheat breeding. Identify genetic relationships among grain maize lines and use. Genomic prediction in maize breeding populations with genotypingbysequencing. Increased demands for corn grain are likely as a result of population growth, loss of farmland from urbanization, and development of new uses of corn. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding nhbs academic. Tingting guo postdoctoral research associate, quantitative genetics. Gene and quantitative trait locus qtl mapping one of the. The impact of genetic relationship information on genomeassisted breeding values. The inbredhybrid concept in maize was a public sector invention 100 years ago and it is still considered one of. Genetic analysis of maize kernel thickness by quantitative.
Springer nature is making sarscov2 and covid19 research free. However, studies of changes in genetic variance tional dominance, which the historical literature in maize. Despite its importance in maize production, we know surprisingly little about the genetic basis of heterosis. Wheat physiological pre breeding and genetic resources program pre breeding, cimmyt wenwen xiang graduate student, plant breeding and genetics. Purchase isozymes in plant genetics and breeding, volume 1a 1st edition. The development of biotechnology has led to a great increase in our knowledge of maize genetics and understanding of the structure and. Using genetics, genomics, and breeding to understand diverse.
Many genes contribute quantitatively to how a plant looks and behaves. Chapters have been developed from a symposium held in baton rouge, louisiana, in march 2001, although additional contributions have also been commissioned especially for this volume. Technological advances in maize breeding iowa state university. Book, statistical genetics of quantitative traits by. Nov 06, 20 genomic prediction in maize breeding populations with genotypingbysequencing. Quantitative genetics in plant breeding spring 2009, 2010, 2011 syllabus pdf updated jan.
You are invited to attend the 59th annual maize genetics conference. Genetic analysis in maize foundation parents with mapping. This article is brought to you for free and open access by the agronomy at iowa state university digital repository. Its high demand makes grain yield a major target of maize breeding liu et al.
Postal 6641, 06600 mexico, d f, mexico the maize genome is one of the most extensively analyzed among the plant genomes. Maize breeding iowa state university digital repository. Therefore an increasing demand exists for varieties with specific adaptation to this farming system. The illinois maize breeding and genetics laboratory. Reif institute of plant breeding, seed science and population genetics university of hohenheim, d. Improve tolerance and resistance to biotic mycotoxins especially aflatoxin and abiotic stresses salinity, drought and heat through breeding in addition to genetics.
Parts of this data set were used to calculate genetic parameters of general. Researches were conducted within the maize breeding fields belonging to the procera genetics ltd company. Louis, missouri, usa the conference will open with a thursday evening meal, march 9 and close at noon sunday, march 12. Thirtytwo earlymaturity maize hybrids were evaluated at eight locations in nigeria and six locations in ghana for 2 yr to i identify highyielding, stable hybrids across locations andor hybrids. Maize chloroplast and mitochondrial genes have been characterised in detail, with a focus on cytoplasmic. In maize crops, however, the use of heterosis developed in such a unique way that hybridization was recommended as a valuable breeding method. Quantitative genetics of inbreeding in a synthetic maize population.
Evolutionary biology commons, and the plant breeding and genetics commons. Stalcup1, thomas isakeit 2 1department of soil and crop sciences, 2department of plant pathology. Assessment of genetic diversity provides germplasm and information on an array of trait characteristics for systematic integration and exploitation. Wild type has red eyes rr mutant type has sepia eyes rr female rr x male rr f 1 r r r rr rr r rr rr female rr x male rr f 2 r r r rr rr r rr rr table 1 pg 5 wild type unknown eye color red sepia part. Quantitative genetics with focus on corn breeding and corn. He teaches quantitative genetics and crop breeding techniques at ndsu.
The genomic maize sample belonged to a single maize grain. Plant breeding and agronomy have increased corn yields eightfold over the last 100 years, a trend that. The conference will be held march 912, 2017, at the union station of st. The heterosis concept, defined over a century ago, continues to be applied in the production of several hybrids from different vegetable species. Kuntze, an obligate hemiparasite, can cause grain yield loss of 20 to 80% in cereal crops such as maize zea mays l. The development of molecular and quantitative genetics offers a good opportunity to accelerate breeding by selecting either for known genes or. Hybrid breeding food and agriculture organization of the united. Priorities in maize breeding because of its shallow roots, maize is susceptible to drought, so one of the current top priorities in maize breeding is developing new varieties that are more drought tolerant. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding springerlink. Lee as genotypingbysequencing data becomes more abundant, new applications of this technology in breeding programs are possible. However, the exact mechanisms of what makes some plants more drought tolerant are not well understood. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding handbook of plant breeding. Shull 1952 coined the term heterosis and defined it as.
This book highlights modern trends in development of hybrids, analysis of genetic diversity, molecular breeding, comparative and functional genomics, epigenomicsand proteomics in maize. Organic farming has gained in importance in germany during recent years. This program is currently one the of the few public u. Combining ability estimates of lines to be used in breeding are useful for maize zea mays l. Razdan division of genetics and plant breeding, sherekashmir university of agricultural sciences and technology skuastj, chatha, jammu, india corresponding author a b s t r a c t keywords gene action for various quantitative. The time frame of the history of quantitative genetics is similar to mendelian genetics. In the present study we therefore conducted comparative field experiments with modern maize breeding materials under organic versus conventional farming conditions org and con, respectively to estimate. Gene for sepia colored eyes in drosophilia is autosomal recesive. Genetics, genomics and breeding of maize genetics, genomics and breeding of crop plants 9781482228120. Maize is an important crop for food, feed, forage, and fuel across tropical and temperate areas of the world. The oldest method of plant improvement is by the selection of the best plants and by growing only the seed. Mass selection is a method in which the best ears from the best plants would be selected from a population of maize plants.
Analysis of genotypingbysequencing data in a maize zea mays l. Edwards heterosis is the foundation of modern maize breeding programs. Safe, secure, healthy, inexpensive and increasingly productive agricultural commodities are a cornerstone of increasing american prosperity. The illinois maize breeding and genetics laboratory, crop. In this pursuit, we focus on the genetic basis and prospects of quality protein maize for amino acid amelioration and enhancing the productivity of maize through the development of heterotic hybrids using elite qpm introgression lines. Genomic prediction in maize breeding populations with. Xianran li adjunct associate professor, genomics and bioinformatics. History, contribution, and future of quantitative genetics in. Maize breeding is one of the successful examples of breederdirected evolution. Among all types of markers, snp markers are increasingly the markerofchoice for all.
Prior to 1909, nearly all maize breeding was done by farmers or farmerseedsmen, who used mass selection as their main breeding method hallauer et al. In addition, maize is used as a raw material in industry. The past, present, and future of maize improvement. I selection ii hybridisation and iii mutation breeding. This project investigates genetics important for plant appearance and behavior and then uses this information for improving crops for a variety of traits and systems. History, contribution, and future of quantitative genetics.
Genetic analysis of grain yield and its components of maize zea mays l. Using genetics, genomics, and breeding to understand diverse maize germplasm. Analysis of genotypingbysequencing data in a maize zea. Maize snp arrays designed for molecular breeding by integrating. Introduction the use of haploid plants in the breeding was possible after detection of the line stock 6. Genetics, genomics and breeding of maize 1st edition. The rediscovery of mendels laws of inheritance in 1900 was the basis for determining the inheritance of quantitative traits and for developing plant breeding and selection methods. Th erefore, determining if the iqi could be calculated using fewer tests would benefi t many breeding programs. The goal of the 50th illinois corn breeders school anniversary program is to provide you with updates and insights into applications of technologies, methods, and approaches to maximize your corn breeding efforts and those of your organization. Isozymes in plant genetics and breeding, volume 1a 1st. In subsaharan africa, maize breeding programs have focused on productivity of normal endosperm maize under striga infestation while neglecting quality protein maize qpm. This article is brought to you for free and open access by the agronomy at iowa state university digital.
333 764 1065 674 1526 580 969 602 1000 234 1030 1198 1224 1502 178 6 702 450 685 85 115 509 921 1359 630 1117 776 1341 1085 642 1213 631 380